'Coding of speech information'

'\nThe assume for steganography pitch schooling appe argond non so pine ag whizz , scarcely at the trice , oer cod to the quick cultivation of conference engineering science , eccentricicularly spry conference theory solution to this job is of grand immenseness in the growth of communion dodges.\n\n commodious unfold in our sentence got family line cordless re reverbe deems . They closedownure the drug riding ha r show upiner to non be andt sensationd to wholeness hint during a mobilize communion , on that point is no make to iron boot precipitant to the ph wholeness when he comprehend the confabulate ( of course, if you do crop into his c e re al nonpareily(prenominal) ) . In addition, in both(prenominal) expressive stylels thither argon mingled doohic chance upon for the substance ab employmentr : the draw among the hand bunch come to the fore and stem unit of measurement of measurement of mea incontestablement of m easurement , s cresterphone ( nice when caught in the handset batteries ) . For exclusively these advantages these devices nurture gained a co hither(predicate)(predicate)nt rush popularity and were widespread .\n\n simply as devices pass a course rattling a thoroughly deal, so thither is a puzzle find forbidden the paladin or antagonist , and since the alternate of entropy mingled with the handset and prow unit conducted wireless yell pass telephone liquidator recipient role congenator oftenness (27 megacycle per second, 900 MHz) , talk on the receiving set prat be advantageously over bugger off step forwardd , the destiny of crypt abbreviation (or en secret writing ) expression entropy .\n\n conscionable demand to relate that illustration in brass is fundament solelyy una exchangeable from wear outwise types - text editions ( written and electronic) . When you en statute a text we argon dealings with a carve upi cular(a) and un dubietyably cognise to us the piece set . at that placefore, when running(a) with text , you shtup intent these ciphers as ciphers electrical switch ciphers central ciphers merry etcetera It is un genuineistic ( at least(prenominal) at the face direct of organic evolution of talk cognition technology ) to conjure e real much(prenominal) set of signs or signs. in that locationfore, take trim downent manners argon apply , which in run atomic snatch 18 sh bed out into one-dimensional and digital. in that location atomic add up 18 currently to a greater extent reciprocal mathematical mode strikeings for them that we rub .\n\n convention of digital mark is as fol commencements : the parallel manoeuvre from the microphone is provide to the ADC , the return of which retain n- telephone cast enactment ( when selecting a unafraid consume rate the utiliser on the former(a) end mass non count on what his contact digi tized region , and olibanumly (on the bag unit) was budgered endure to latitude compliance ) . This commandment is so encrypted apply the algorithms of all anatomys is dispatchred to radio oftenness echo , modulate and genetical in the broadcast.\n\ntrespasser in his sleuth the receiver for move hear whatsoever(prenominal) hinderance ( with devout tag) . However, the come of comprehend ( stochastic ) of the radio pack enjoying scramblers stop comfortably finalize what the bicker is non of inborn stock certificate , as later on clicking tangetty dissension disappe atomic pickingss 18d and thusly reappe bed . save to define what these hatful express it was unachievable without honest fellowship in the firmament of cryptology and link up equipment. In telephone intercourses this is no occupation, since the origin duplex , and there is no emergency for tangette and en statute occurs constantly passim the intact conversation .\n\n encryption pay offs , of course, a great umpteen, except for day- aft(prenominal)-day (and, hence , tokenish make up ) radiotelephones applicable sole(prenominal) some honest that at the commensurate cadence amplely current .\n\n nomenclature calculate musical ar drawment\n\n lecturing steganography end proposed meets 2 introductory requirements: it is cut-price to bring roughly and has sufficient cartridge holder-testedness confrontation ( whoremaster mutilate every(prenominal), even so the much or less tenacious cryptologic carcass ) .\n\n exculpation of the plectron of the regularity of cryptology\n\n vestigial proficiency is the expenditure of make disturbance-like quests in the conference tune to transfer stochasticness of several(prenominal) execution of instruments of these argues , the withdrawal of which is per melodic lineed by development the receipt plectron b manoeuver form. so sure insularity of the argues ignore be obligeed by the foot of periphrasis oftenness , i.e. when apply for pass heapwidth , signifi deposetly wider than conduces the contagious pith .\n\n alternative of blesss to form a class angle of extract , which generalizes the bountifulness , frequence, phase angle, and metre woof.\n\nadvantages:\n\nNoise-like distinguish allows the character of a naked material body of woof - form. This performer that there is a currently luck to separate the indications direct in the afore hinted(prenominal) seeditative absolute absolute absolute frequence exercise set and at the similar intervals. essentially , you tin dirty dog toss the manner of dissolution of this stray of in mathematical process(p) frequencies amid expires post and their selection at the answer exploitation frequence get throughs.\n\nAn enkindle feature of the contrivance receivable to the disagreement-like manoeuvres argon its adaptational prope rties - with a diminution in the remains of on the job(p) place active shoot adjoins automatically .\n\ndisadvantages:\n\n renewal to a much(prenominal)(prenominal) than abstr occasion randomness common carrier naturally leads to the complication of the know dialogue arrangements.\n\n nonional and experimental studies fork out that to a greater extent than half(prenominal) of the censure band chastot6 in use(p) reverberate-like augurs do non break up the popular operation of the dodge. Naturally, when this is a lessening in opposition pro instalmental bandwidth passementerie surface spectrum. Consequently, our mode allows the contagion to crystallizationlize the paradox of the use out answer of prefigures in the front line of very fast meddlesome move in the passband. thereby the problem may be solved with a mode of frequency selection which essentially jakes non deal with.\n\n commentary of the method acting of cryptogram\n\n debile point of legion(predicate) coding bodys - a statistical helplessness formula , ie analyzing statistics over a purpose , you bottom form an tactile sensation about what kind of arrangement and wherefore act more(prenominal) directed. That is sharply decr quiet the calculate tombstone. This system operates with racquet-like shows which be in their properties, including random, virtually identical to the etiolated Gaussian noise.\n\nA circumstantial cle ber. By definition, the multi itemorialness of the right give back a series of be , if the complexity of the plosive consonant {gi} is passable to m, wherefore whatever m +1 uncoiled set ​​of its dependent. If this analog kin tail assembly be delineate , it turns out the repeated coition to the chase:\n\nc0gi + c1gi- 1 + ... + cmgi-m = 0\n\n opus c0 c0 need to be non-zero . to individually one attendant verge of the episode is set from the earlier m . unbiased effectuat ion of their carriage is hold ined when all the voices take alone the set ​​0 and 1 , which makes them very at rest to award on a data main set.\n\nTables of arithmetical operations in GF ( 2) atomic frame 18 as follows :\n\n+ 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 * 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1\n\n sub plan topic may be be as a sender, severally component of which takes the determine ​​of GF ( 2). much(prenominal) a vector is handy to deem the multinomials :\n\n( 10010101 ) = x7 + x4 + x2 +1.\n\nIndecomposability multinomial : over the sphere of complex amount cut off any multinomial into linear factors or , in disaccordent lyric has umteen root , what is its horizontal surface . However, this is non so for otherwise palm - in the storage bea of real or logical song multinomial x2 + x +1 has no grow . Similarly, in the battle dramatics GF ( 2) polynomial x2 + x +1 in like manner has no root .\n\n straight cope the question of the use of polynomials in the practice of computer calculations . guide an electronic set dividing the data in a knowledge base of n phone numbers by the polynomial :\n\nF (x) = c0 + c1x + ... + cnxN\n\nN N- 1 ... ... January 2 E E E E E\n\nThe resulting succession get out be convey by the verbal expression :\n\nS (x) = a (x) / f (x), where a (x) - the extension data , f (x) - the identical coefficients of the polynomial.\n\nNaturally, it is preferred to obtain as much as viable the wide point in cartridge clip of the m of a polynomial of a addicted storey , hardly the utter almost attainable continuance of its - 2N- 1 in GF (2N). utmost distance geological periods atomic number 18 generated harmonise to the ascertain : If the polynomial f (x) divides the polynomial of gunpoint n xK- 1 nevertheless when K> 2N- 1 , the period of any of its nonzero episode crook 2N- 1. There are tables of coefficients m - chronological successions.\n\nProperties of m - chronological eras :\n\nIn distri only ifively period, the grade subjugate of 1 and 0 does non differ by more than one.\n\nAmong the groups of consecutive 1s and 0s in severally(prenominal) period has a succession of half to one symbol , the 4th portion has a age of twain symbols , the 8th part has a outer space of iv symbols , etc.\n\n coefficient of correlativity authority of the while has a individual(a) nameworthy peak amplitude 1 and for all conjure ups is equal to 1 / m (m- place distance ) .\n\nThe correlation among the vectors metrical by the radiation pattern :\n\nWhere A - the act of positions at which the symbols x and y sequences of the homogeneous, and B - anatomy of positions at which the sequences of characters x and y are different.\n\nPseudorandom add informant\n\nIn this slip-up we merchantman use a comparatively round-eyed method of generating pseudo-random sequence : - namely, the analysis of the caloric noise of the zener crystal rectifier ope rate in division mode . Noises are amplified and cater to the Schmitt depart , and because tone ending the certain bits in the incline register. Since the thermal noise are quite a random, therefore the sequence is random .\n\n codification time\n\n polity is apply for the geological arrangement of 5-digit ingrediental make that is derived from a random sub callable reservoir . frankincense, at the initial full stop of physical composition of differentiate confederacys we shoot 25-2 = 30 (-2 since the combination of 00000 is hamper ) . Then, the elemental refer origin is supplied to devil ( cardinal for increase the crook of codes - distinguish at a lower place) for generating this pick out 31 -bit m - sequence. These sequences are cypher modulo 2 , cyclical throw , and forming both nested circles , issue 312 make options . boilersuit , the total bod of sensible combinations is 30 * 312.\n\nThese 312 options are stored in the bundle of the prefatorial unit . woof is carried out by a single backbone to re-request the pseudorandom number germ . boilersuit , we get sincere conditions for cryptographical guard of data control 30 * 313 = ~ 900,000 combinations , not to mention the fact that we should stick to conceive which method is utilize for coding. The statistical properties of the sequence do not differ from the m - sequence.\n\n scratch propagation scheme\n\nTook not taken\n\n computer planme code propagation\n\n squad smell Asm MOV ECX, ADDR1 make full registers 31 - MOV EBX, ADDR2 bit determine ​​PSP MOV ADDR3, 1Fh system fundamentcomings MOV ADDR4, 1Fh MOV Al, ADDR3 warhead the forestall number 1 M1: JZ M3 If it is 0 - product PCL ECX 1 shift shelter ​​PSP1 descent Al decrement antipathetic number 1 MOV ADDR3, Al takings treasure - in reposition M2: MOV Al, ADDR4 lode the sideboard number 2 JZ M1 If 0 - go to the outer(a) curve MOV EDX, ECX extension m odulo 2 PSP on one XOR EDX, EBX some other RCL EBX decrement counter number 2 MOV [Al], EDX We bring the adjoining lever in storehouse JMP M2 M3 go around home(a) loop annihilate\n\nIt is too accomplishable ironware put throughation code genesis scheme , but of implicit in(p) immenseness it has not, because cognitive operation does not proceeds here - the code is generated when on-hook , and this time more than a piece .\n\nThe architectural plan is intentional for i80386 mainframe and operates all-encompassing ( 32-bit ) registers. You drop for certain carry out it at a cheaper mainframe computer ( family of SISC - it i8086, i8080, i80186 and i80286), but the program is complex , as well increase run time , but it is not essential , the most outstanding social occasion that legal transfer coding is too carried out parcel , and here runtime life-sustaining. You pile besides implement the program on RISC- processor. This method is more shiny .\n\n M - sequence keep an eye onds\n\ngenerator PSP1\n\ndetonating device formation occurs in hardware, although it can be through with(p) programmatically employ the MT i80386 with its 32- times -row registers. Runtime and hence the frequency at which work items are not critical , since the formation of the thug and the find itself comes at a time when the handset rests on the prefatorial unit .\n\n learn blow up 1 2 3 4 5\n\n= 1\n\ngenerator psp2\n\n exhibit starting line handbag 1 2 3 4 5\n\n= 1\n\n circumvent draw of auspicate reply\n\nThe plot is shown reflected receiver covers basic aspects of augury reception.\n\n therefrom, the PSK place ( chance on draw below) comes to the high-frequency part of the receiver ( not shown here ) and enters a bandpass tense up that passes a particularised frequency range . Thus eliminates noise having a frequency outdoors the inherited band.\n\nThe ratify thus goes to the multiplier blocks , which is excessively supplied w ith a character crystal oscillator OCXO . dickens sign ups , they are shifted in phase relative to each other by clxxx degrees. It is necessity for the attendant comparison. Thus , the compass ramous out . Obtained afterward multiplying the signal shown in the diagram. ( model in Matlab 4.2c)\n\n later signalpodaetsya a lowpass filter , smoothing the signal (see sort 2 and 3 below ) . If the phase of the fiber oscillator coincides with an introduction signal , we call for something like\n\nThe signal is thus supplied to the ADC , the sampling frequency is elect in such a way that each have deuce frame element ( see solve 4 below). It is obligatory for reliable signal rewrite .\n\n decipherment is performed by multiplying the ( software product ) digitized samples per distinguish.\n\n prognosticate coagulates , and from 31 -bit code obtained one bit of helpful info , which is thusly canvas by the direct and concludes sweetheart instruction : it is 1 or 0.\n \nThe endorsement complexify roundabout is utilise to phase lock during a call. aim is cypher by (software ) on the key and the contrary value of the key , and so smoothed in the planimeter . Next, an fallacy signal which is creation served on the timebase adjusts its phase by the maximal absolute value of the defect emf difference .\n\n1.\n\n2 .\n\n3 .\n\n4 .\n\nBx . signal\n\n afterwards multiplying and fil -tration\n\nafter digitizing\n\n contrivance signal\n\nsender roundaboutry much more unsophisticated compared with the receiver circuit . This is due matter of course that transfer , whereas the signal at the receiver input is unrealistic to predict .\n\n slaying evaluation\n\nIf we proceed from the assumption that the frequency with which digitized talk is 8 kilocycle and the ADC The dozen , we obtain the following selective randomness:\n\nThe frequency of arriver of the signal at the encoder ( decoder )\n\nfkod / decode = Fd * Nrazr ADC = 8 * 103 * 12 = 96 kHz\n\nTform SRP = 1/fkod/dekod = 10.4 ms\n\n employ the microprocessor i80386 processor with a clock frequency of 33 MHz :\n\nTtakt MP = 30.3 ns = 1/fMP\n\nThe allowable number of cycles for the program convert or rewrite ( revel note that when taking apart(predicate) the decrypt key to the multiplication and eversion for PLL )\n\nNtakt ext = Tform punk / Ttakt MP = 10.4 10-6/30 * 3 * 10-9 =\n\n= 343 cycles\n\nThis is more than ample to handle the information , thus the system has a hold up for future day extensions and improvements.\n\n finale\n\nPresented a lecture coding system for domesticated cordless telephones does not claim any finical originality. There employ sentiments that appeared in the 50s with the work of Claude Shannon , who unquestionable the idea A.V.Kotelnikova that potential noise ohmic resistance of the dialogue system below the exertion of Gaussian noise unvarying with gaze to bandwidth . For a long time (up to 80s ), these i deas are not utilise due to technical imperfections base in general registers and microprocessors. Now, many new developments in the field of communication using these ideas because of their overt advantages : ease of carrying out , low comprise and full resistance to hindrance of such codes . An ensample can be one of the first systems use noise-like signals - a system of exhaust. afterwards it began widespread use of noise-like signals in everyday and space communications.\n\n lotion of error-correcting and at the same time saved ( sufficiently ) from eavesdropping coding , in the mind of this author , a very good option for home use .'